Mariana Trench and the Challenger Deep - Links

Please feel free to add more suggestions to this list!

The Mariana Trench: Earth's Deepest Place
lesson plan from National Geographic, grades 6-8

look at Topographical Map of Illinois
they have them for every U.S. state

Color-It-Yourself Map of Mariana Trench

goes well with the Contour Model Kit for 2-D Topographic Map

Explorer Reaches Bottom of the Mariana Trench, Breaks Record for Deepest Dive Ever

Mariana Trench: Deepest-ever sub dive finds plastic bag
BBC - May 13, 2019

goes well with the documentary A Plastic Ocean

and Plastic Sea: A Bird's Eye View by Kirsti Blom and Geir Wing Gabrielson

Variations in oceanic plate bending along the Mariana trench research article

A precise bathymetric map of the world’s deepest seafloor, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench (PDF) research article

goes well with Solving the Puzzle Under the Sea: Marie Tharp Maps the Ocean Floor by Robert Burleigh

image of where the Mariana Trench is located (PNG)
we printed this at 150% and used the oil pastel transfer method to put it in the MLB

first, choose and print a b&w map that will fit in your MLB

cover the back with a thick layer of oil pastel
(you do not need to cover the places on the map with no writing)

I like the Cray-Pas Junior Artist Chubbbies since they are nice and thick

place the map where you would like it to transfer

affix lightly with a small piece or two of tape

press down HARD with a pencil point to trace over the lines of the map (do not press down on the paper anywhere else, or your map will be smudged)

remove the tape and the paper and look at your beautiful new map!

I learned this technique long ago from a blog post by Momma Skyla

This post contains affiliate links to materials I truly use for homeschooling. Qualifying purchases provide me with revenue. Thank you for your support!

Book Share Notes

This is a fun & social weekly Zoom chat to keep our students stay connected to one another. And it's always great to hear what other people are reading!

Wednesday, September 16

The King, the Dragon and the Witch
by 
Jeremy R. Corsi

Animals Upside Down: A Pull, Pop, Lift & Learn Book!
by Steve Jenkins & Robin Page

Wednesday, September 23

Dog Man (book #1)
by Dav Pilkey

Dog Man: For Whom the Ball Rolls (book #7)
by Dav Pilkey

Not a Stick
by Antoinette Portis

Fantastic Mr. Fox
by Roald Dahl

Monkey Puzzle
by Julia Donaldson

Just a School Project
by Mercer Mayer

The Last Firehawk: The Ember Stone (book #1)
by Katrina Charman

Addison Cooke and the Tomb of the Khan (book #2)
by Jonathan W. Stokes

This post contains affiliate links to materials I truly use for homeschooling. Qualifying purchases provide me with revenue. Thank you for your support!

Monarch Notes... and the Fate of Butterfly "M"

All the little sheets of paper... so I'm trying to compile my notes here.

I also discovered that the videos I took in real time of caterpillars going into the chrysalis and butterflies hatching out are too long for Blogger's video hosting platform. Instead, I will share these videos which someone else (Jude Adamson) has made. You do need to be there to catch the exact moment of transformation. It's worth all the time you sit around! And easy to miss. As far as the actual amount of time that it takes, from what we watched it is two and a half minutes to go in and two minutes to come out.

There doesn't seem to be any rule as to when they transform into pupae. If you see one hanging upside down in a J there may still be hours to go. Or not. So you may just want to bring a sandwich and stick around and watch it. They will twist their little hook up into the webbing to be sure they are secure before transforming. We saw several mid-morning (11:15 am).

For emerging from the crysalis, this seems to be based on temperature. The chiller it gets, the more likely they are to come out in the late morning (10:30 am), as opposed to waking up in the morning to find you have butterflies! To tell when this is about to happen, you want the chrysalis to be really clear so the butterfly looks quite black but then it will get frosted as the chrysalis begins to pull away from the wet butterfly so it can emerge.

By the way, it takes exactly four sheets of Bounty quick-size paper towels to cover the bottom of our large terrarium. So that's pretty perfect!

Okay, notes on dates.

We started with 6 monarch caterpillars on Sat Aug 29.

We found two more outside and they went into the habitat on milkweed stems on Monday; one more went into the habitat on Tuesday. That's 9.

Wed Sep 2 - chrysalises A, B, C

We woke up to three chrysalises (A, B, C). Those are the three butterflies that emerged Sep 11. Nine days. At that point we think we had 3 chrysalises and 11 caterpillars, but it was starting to be really hard to count. Every time we brought in milkweed we were bringing in caterpillars. They are as tiny as an eyelash when they first hatch.

Sat Sep 5 - chrysalises D, E, F

We woke up to one more chrysalis (D), two caterpillars hanging upside down (which we watched change into E and F), three very fat caterpillars, one medium, and four small. The three chrysalises that formed that day became the three butterflies that emerged Sep 14. Nine days for those as well.

Mon Sep 7 - chrysalises G, H, I

Today we had the 6 chrysalises already formed and three caterpillars hanging upside down (those were the very fat caterpillars from yesterday) and 6 caterpillars. The three chrysalises which formed that day (G, H, I) became the three butterflies that emerged Sep 15. Eight days for those guys.

Tue Sep 8

Today is the day that Zac saw one had fallen (I). And we were down to just 6 caterpillars. By that point, when I was putting stems of old milkweed outside I was putting the caterpillars on them back onto the big plants. And checking to make sure there weren't new caterpillars on the cuttings I was bringing inside.

Thu Sep 10 - chrysalises J, K

Surprising us, two chrysalises formed on the underside of the wooden lid. We didn't discover them until the day I took the lid off because the first set of butterflies had emerged. I was quite careless with the lid. Later I was shocked to find there were two chrysalises on it! From then on, we were much more careful. They emerged on Sep 21. Eleven days.

Fri Sep 11 - chrysalis L; butterflies A, B, C

This morning, we had our first three butterflies emerge (A, B, C). We watched one go into its chrysalis in the morning (L) and then walked it over to Kamma's house as a gift. We had eight chrysalises remaining (D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K). They were all over the place. Two chrysalises on the underside of the wooden lid, one on the rim of the aquarium, four on the milkweed stems, and the one that fell (I). And this morning there was also one caterpillar hanging upside down which later fell, climbed back up, fell, climbed back up, and then successfully attached to the wooden lid at the very end of the day. I put the two remaining caterpillars on the milkweed outside.

Sat Sep 12 - chrysalis M

Our last caterpillar from yesterday, who struggled so much to attach to something, was in a chrysalis when I got up this morning. Hurray!

Mon Sep 14 - butterflies D, E, F

Tue Sep 15 - butterflies G, H, I

Mon Sep 21 - butterflies J, K, L

Tue Sep 22 - butterfly M

M had a tough time. He didn't emerge until 12:45 pm. At 5:45 pm, he still hadn't taken his maiden flight. It was 66 degrees, so it was warm enough. His wings appear to be fully and correctly formed, but when he flaps them and lets go of the milkweed, he just stumbles and has to grab something again. He catches no air. He did have the instinct to climb to the highest place, but that hasn't helped.

5:36 pm

Zac and I watched a video on our options (see below), and decided to put the milkweed stem he was on back into the terrarium and bring it up to the upstairs bathroom, which will be warmer for him than spending the night in the art room / garage. I also put in a dish of Gatorade, even though they don't need to feed on the first day.

Tomorrow I'll carry the milkweed cutting back outside and we will see if a warmer day makes a difference.

Raising Monarchs - When Adults Can't Fly (video)

How to feed Gatorade to butterflies

How to Safely Release Monarch Butterflies
really helpful! also includes tagging program participation info

. . .

Wed Sep 23

All night M sat in the corner and stared out through the glass. All morning long he tried and tried tried to get out of his enclosure. They have the instinct to travel, of course. Today at 3 pm I decided it was warm enough, carried out the terrarium, and set it on the sidewalk. He made a few false starts, so I wasn't sure we would have success. But then he figured it out. And he flew away!

This post contains affiliate links to materials I truly use for homeschooling. Qualifying purchases provide me with revenue. Thank you for your support!

A Marvelous Monarch Monday Morning!

THIS morning was so special!

The weather has gotten much cooler, so our monarchs have stayed in their chrysalises longer. We had learned from one of our monarch books that, "a monarch butterfly develops within its chrysalis over a span of five to fifteen days, depending on the temperature" (An Extraordinary Life: The Story of Monarch Butterfly by Laurence Pringle, p.17). And it's very true.

Pringle's book has been our bedtime read aloud for days. It's amazing! It is by far the best chapter book for learning about monarchs; the best picture book, in my opinion, is Monarch and Milkweed by Helen Frost.



Therefore, because it was so cold this morning, two butterflies didn't emerge first thing. They emerged while we were awake. And the second one, which came out at about 10:30 am, we WATCHED emerge from its chrysalis.

We also were able, several weeks ago, to watch two caterpillars go into their chrysalises. So I'll do a companion post to this one, with the videos. I took them on my iPhone, so they're not professionally done. But it's so amazing, and I wanted to be able to share it with all of my students, since they can't be here for in-person for this Nature Study. Our big Botany project for this school year is to plant and plant a Native Tallgrass Prairie Demonstration Garden, so hopefully we will have tons of milkweed and tons of monarchs each and every year.

Here are some of my favorite photos from the many hundreds that I have taken this August & September. Click on any photo to enlarge it and scroll.

Aug 18

our milkweed is in full bloom!

discovering monarch caterpillars on it for the first time

Aug 30

setting up the terrarium in the Art Room

with floral tubes for milkweed cuttings

and some butterfly books, of course

Sep 2

our first chrysalis!

Sep 3

making beeswax crayon drawings

this is Zac's "monarch caterpillar on milkweed"

the terrarium is packed full of caterpillars and food

it's hard to count them all (we think there's 17)

we quickly learn that each time we bring in more milkweed, 

we bring in more caterpillars too

the terrarium was last used for a toad, so it was muddy

I was afraid to clean it with a harsh chemical, right before putting

in tender insects, so I just used vinegar and water

next time I will scrub it thoroughly well in advance,

so that we can see everything through clearer glass

Sep 4

9:30 the next morning...

all the stems are nearly bare of leaves

seriously,

they eat A LOT

our little Outdoor Classroom display

sipping sweetness through a straw,

just like a butterfly!

Sep 5

in the morning we find two caterpillars in J's

which they do right before they go into their chrysalis

I took a video of this guy, Left J, going into his chrysalis, and forgot

about still photos, but I took some still photos of the other one, Right J

here's Left J as a brand-new chrysalis

they are still a bit lumpy at first, and it looks a lot like

a kid in a sleeping bag as they move around for a while

there was a lot of frass on the paper towels today, but I waited

to change the bedding, since I didn't want to disturb the J's

it's pretty easy, actually, to just lift out the rack holder with all

the tubes, set it on the table, and put in fresh paper towels

I'm happy with our setup!

we also realized that chrysalises have to have hardened

for a day or two before they get their gold line and gold dots

it's a beautiful shade of green; photos don't do it justice

the other caterpillars casually walk all over them

in fact, one attached to a stem which then got nibbled,

and the chrysalis fell!  Zac is the one who spotted it

we left it alone and waited to see if it was unhurt

I went around to the other side of the aquarium to get a better view

of Right J, which is why it looks like he turned around

when the antennae start to look like they're disintegrating

like that, it means they are about to shed that skin

under the skin is the green sac of the chrysalis

this green sac with the black wrinkly thing hanging from it is 

Right J

he sheds his skin and the green sac is what is under it

so that the green sac doesn't fall off its twig when the 

old skin is completely discarded, the caterpillar attaches in a special way

(An Extraordinary Life, pages 16-17)

and the caterpillars just keep right on doing their thing

Sep 6

our terrarium is full of beautiful chrysalises 

Sep 11

most caterpillars attach to the milkweed stems, 

but these guys went right up to the rim at the underside of the tank

we also had three attach to the wooden lid itself

they look for a high and secure spot

we wake up in the morning to our first butterflies!

once they've strengthened their wings and warmed up

they will want to fly away

we had three in all this morning

the first butterfly flew away through the open garage door, but we thought we could make it a bit easier for other two, so I carried the rack outside

we have put some cats back onto our milkweed plant outside

I had to keep every stem that had a chrysalis on it, so the habitat

became full of tubes with dry stalks, and it became harder

and harder to have enough tubes where I could replace the milkweed

but the very last one was so fat and would go into a chrysalis

soon, so Zac wanted us to keep him in the terrarium

the last caterpillar

(which I had to keep watching so he didn't crawl away)

sketching

Zac's "monarch butterfly"

the fallen chrysalis is still undisturbed

they climb to the very tippety top of their step

and practice opening and closing their wings

before letting go and flying away

it takes several hours from when they emerge

this is a male

note the two large black dots on the veins

they are scent glands, 

believed to be used to lure the female into mating

the first short flight, to the burning bush by the driveway

luckily, we have a bit of honeysuckle growing in that group

of bushes, so it worked out really well

back in the terrarium again, we watch our last lonely caterpillar

crawl around and nibble on leaves

so many chrysalises!

Sep 14

we wake up to a butterfly!

we ended up with three today as well

to the left... a still-green chrysalis

in the middle... a clear chrysalis with the butterfly showing

to the right... a newly emerged monarch

I love how you can see the butterfly through

the translucent chrysalis, right before it emerges

9:16 am

and when it comes out, the wings are crumpled and wet

9:38 am

you can see how much more the wings will expand

of course, we took them outside to release them

up into the dogwood tree

now that we could see how much the wings will unfurl,

we began to worry about the chrysalis inside the rack

if the butterfly was okay, and it came out, it would be

trapped in a plastic cage

so I carefully moved it to the paper towel

golly day, they are so beautiful

Sep 15

we wake up to three butterflies!

and the one that fell is okay!!!

we release them, of course

I actually had to put a stick by the butterfly that was

clinging to the rack, since the plastic tube was slippery, and

they have an instinct to climb up as high as possible before

flying for the first time

I put another stem of milkweed by him and he grabbed it with

his legs and pulled up onto it and he was off!

so... 

nine safely emerged & three still in chrysalises up on the lid

Sep 21

we wake up this morning to a very dark chrysalis

8:58 am

10:21 am

walked into the art room and there was a butterfly!

and then I realize that he won't be able to fly away

unless we take the entire wooden lid outside

we figure out a way to balance it carefully

between a large cardboard box and Zac's easel

another chrysalis is looking very dark

it will surely emerge any minute

so I set Zac up with a chair and a snack

and we wait

we watch the first one out uncurl his tongue

he's opening and closing his mouth over and over

and then we saw the second one EMERGING

so excited!!!!!!

welcome to the world, little one!

see how it looks like there are two tongues?

the proboscis actually forms as two halves, so the butterfly has

to uncoil and recoil the two halves

Pringle says, "They had developed separately and had to be

uncoiled and pressed together to lock into a single workable tube."

(page 20)

so, now we have here two newly-emerged butterflies

and I realize that they don't have a very secure perch,

clinging to that chrysalis

I go back and look through our photos, and noting that when they

always came out before we woke up, we found them clinging

to stems of the milkweed, and not to their chrysalises

so I went and cut some milkweed and put it in a tube,

and set it where they could easily reach it with their legs

we have loved this butterfly experience

and we have learned a ton about monarchs!

I will organize and share the videos next

This post contains affiliate links to materials I truly use for homeschooling. Qualifying purchases provide me with revenue. Thank you for your support!